Last modified: 2006-12-23 by ivan sache
Keywords: cotes-d'armor | rostrenen | ermines (black) | rault (philippe) |
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![[Flag of Rostrenen]](../images/f/fr-22-ro.gif)
Municipal flag of Rostrenen - Image by Arnaud Leroy, 3 July 2005
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The town of Rostrenen (3,616 inhabitants) located 20 km east of
Carhaix-Plouguer in Upper Cornouaille (Central western Brittany), is
the capital of Pays Fisel. A fisel, probably cognate with the
French word ficelle (string), is a lace holding a hat, part of the
specific costume of the region of Rostrenen, therefore named Pays
Fisel. By extension, the local gavotte was named Fisel dance (in
Breton, dañs Fisel). The genuine dañs Fisel is performed in 16
municipalities (or parts of them) located east of Carhaix; west of
Carhaix, it is replaced by the mountains' gavotte, aka
Carhaix-Poullaouen gavotte. Like Carhaix, Rostrenen is a main center of
Breton traditional culture, music and dance.
The name of the town is made of the two Breton words roz, a hill, and
draenen, thorns.
The town of Rostrenen developed around the castle built on the hill of
Miniou (263 m a.s.l.).
In the VIIth century, a local lord built a wooden fortress near a pond.
A stone donjon, surrounded by walls, was built near the pond in the
XIth century by the Barons of Rostrenen. The Barony of Rostrenen,
depending on the Seneschalry of Carhaix, existed until the French
Revolution. The Barons of Rostrenen were very important Breton lords:
Riwalon was appointed Seneschal of Brittany in 1068; Geoffroy took part
to the last Crusade with King of France Saint-Louis at the end of the
XIIIth century; Pierre VI was a brother in arms of Constable Duguesclin
at the end of the XIVth century, and Pierre VIII, Lieutenant of the
Armies, helped Joan of Arc to drive the English out of France.
At the end of the XVIth century, Toussaint de Beaumanoir, mestre de
camp of the Royal armies, built a new fortress near the pond of
Rostrenen. Its walls were said to be 18-foot thick. During the revolt
of the nobles against the royal power known as the League, Duke de
Mercoeur besieged four times the castle in 1592-1594. The castle was
eventually seized, trashed and burnt down. In 1601, King Henri IV
ordered the complete suppression of the castle and its fortifications,
which then belonged to Hélène, Toussaint's daughter.
The castle of Rostrenen was rebuilt in the XVIIIth century by Duchess
of Elbeuf, Baroness of Rostrenen. After the Revolution, it was used as
a prison and a gendarmerie. During the building of the Canal from
Nantes to Brest, the castle was used as an hospital for the convicts
(indeed political prisoneers) housed in Glomel. The castle was
eventually used as a school.
In December 1300, the inhabitants of Rostrenen noticed a rosebush with
leaves and flowers. A statue of the Blessed Virgin was found near the
bush. The miraculous statue was solemnly transfered to the chapel of
the castle, since there was no church in the village. There were other
miracles, especially in the beginning of December. The finding of the
statue was celebrated by a pardon (traditional Breton religious
festival) and the bod (bush) fair. The chapel of the castle was
replaced by the Notre-Dame church in the first half of the XIVth
century. Its belltower, considered as one of the nicest in Cornouaille,
was suppressed in 1649 because he leaned and was about to fall down. In
1483, Baron Pierre IX obtained from Pope Sixt IV the erection of the
church to a collegiate church. One of the four original bells was
preserved during the Revolution, it is inscribed faite en may, l'an
1604, passée par feu et flambe. Le nom de Dieu, je loue, je chante
(made in May 1604 through fire and flames. I shall praise and sing the
name of God). The church windows of the choir, made in 1867 by Gilbert,
recall the miracles: an inhabitant of Glomel, miller Rivoal caught in
the wheel of his mill; an inhabitant of Bonen, left paralyzed after a
bad fall on the market of Callac; Louise Logeat and another men fallen
dawn into a well, were saved after the invocation of the statue.
The pardon of Rostrenen was transfered to mid-August but the bod fair
is still celebrated on the first Tuesday of December. At the end of the
XVIIIth century, the bod fair was a magnificent celebration: the
parishioners dressed as the characters of the Bible and of the ancient
medieval mysteries. An ingenious mechanism allowed an angel to fly down
from the belltower with a torch and to light a bonfire. In 1696, Loyer,
Dean of the collegiate church, built a fountain near the miraculous
bush; the water of the fountain was of course also a miracle cure.
Another story of a miraculous statue of the Blessed Virgin found in a
bush is told in the Breton city of Josselin.
Rostrenen is the birth city of the painter Olivier Perrin (1761-1832). Perrin studied in Rennes and Paris and came back to Brittany, teaching painting in Quimper. He worked for several Breton churches, his most famous work being the Breton Gallery, a series of drawings depicting the life of a Breton farmer from birth to death. In 1820, he offered his painting "The Blessed Virgin's Assumption" to the church of his birth city.
Sources:
Ivan Sache, 3 July 2005
The flag of Rostrenen, as reported by Hervé Prat, is white with a semy of black ermine spots and three horizontal red stripes. It is a banner of the municipal arms, D'hermine aux trois fasces de gueules. (Ermine three bars gules).
These are the ancient arms of the Barony of Rosporden. The legend says
that during a battle against the Norman invaders, the lord of Rosporden
was wounded when helping the Duke of Brittany. He put his bloody hand
on his chest (or his shield, depending on the versions of the legend).
The blood formed three red stripes and the Duke said: "Rostrenen, this
shall be your arms."
Similar legends "explain" the origin of the arms of
Austria, Aragon and Catalonia. The arms of the Barony of Rostrenen can
be seen on a stone used today in the facade of the municipal Multimedia
Center, most probably reused from the St. Barbe's chapel.
Arnaud Leroy & Ivan Sache, 3 July 2005
The local newspaper Le Télégramme de Brest, 26 December 2005, has an article on the flag, entitled Rostrenen. Un drapeau né d'une légende (A flag born from a legend). We learn there that the flag was designed by Philippe Rault, something not really surprising since he is from Rostrenen and a prolific flag designer and writer. Rault says that the design of the municipal flag of Rostrenen was facilitated by three factors: There is a local, ancient coat of arms (1279); the meaning of these arms is known; and the Mayor of Rostrenen is strongly interested in the Breton culture. Phlippe Rault offered a copy of the flag to the Mayor of Rostrenen; he added that some 50 copies were ordered by the municipality, inhabitants of Rostrenen and flag collectors.
Jarig Bakker, Peter Orenski and Ivan Sache, 4 March 2006