Last modified: 2008-04-26 by ivan sache
Keywords: tienen | tirlemont |
Links: FOTW homepage |
search |
disclaimer and copyright |
write us |
mirrors
![[Flag of Tienen]](../images/b/be-vbrtn.gif)
Municipal flag of Tienen - Image by Filip van Laenen, 3 November 2001
See also:
The municipality of Tienen (in French, Tirlemont; 32,083 inhabitants on 1 January 2007; 7,177 ha) is the capital of the region of Hageland. The municipality of Tienen is made since 1976 of the former municipalities of Tienen (including Bost and Oorbeek since 1970), Goetsenhoven, Hakendover, Kumtich (including Vissenaken since 1970), Oplinter and Sint-Margriete-Houtem.
Tienen originally developed around the St. Martin chapel, later replaced by the St. Martin church, the oldest parish church in the town. The church was the private chapel of the van Avendoren family. A second settlement developed eastwards, around the easier to defend Sint-Germanus Hill. Some historians say that the St. Germanus church was built in the IXth century. According to a XIIth-century copy of a chart dated 20 April 872, King of Francia occidentalis Charles the Bald transferred the "villa Thuinas" to the famous abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés (Paris). Unfortunately, this statement is blurred in the original of the chart. The Vita of St. Amalberga, dated from the XIIth century, says that the saint, running away from Charles Martel in the VIIIth century, came to a place located on the river Gete and named Tienas.
In the earlier Middle Ages, Tienen belonged to the County of Bruningerode, limited by the rivers Dijle and Grote Gete and part of the Principality of Liège since 987, following a transfer by Emperor Otto III to Prince-Bishop Notger. In their attempt to control the trade road Bruges-Cologne, the powerful Counts of Leuven had their eyes on Bruningerode; Count of Leuven Lambrecht I won in Hoegaarden in 1013 a significant battle over Prince-Bishop Balderic II, after which Thuinas was incorporated into the County of Leuven. Due to its strategic position against Liège, Tienen was granted municipal rights and the right to build fortifications, the first city wall being completed around 1014. Around 1100, the Counts of Leuven overtook the Counties of Brussels and Grez, the domain of Orthen (today,'s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands) and the surroundings of the abbeys of Nivelles and Gembloux, all of these possessions forming the heart of the subsequent Duchy of Brabant. Around 1106, Count Godfried I (1095-1139) was also Count of Lower-Lotharingia and Markgrave of Antwerp; he and his successors often stayed in Tienen and confirmed the privileges of the town. In 1168, Count Godfried III (1142-1190) granted a new chart to the town, which is the oldest written chart kept in Brabant. Duke Hendrik I (1190-1235) used Tienen as a bridgehead for the westward spread of the duchy. A chart dated 24 February 1291 confirms that the town was tax-free, had free markets and its own system of weights and measures.
The wealth of Tienen significantly influenced the political and legal development of Brabant. In the XIVth century, seven (a sacred number) towns were granted the title of hoofstad (main towns): Leuven, Brussels, Antwerp, 's-Hertogenbosch, Tienen, Nivelles and Zoutleeuw. Duke Jan II granted the first "national" chart, known as the Chart of Kortenberg; a companion grant, dated 27 September 1312, set up the States of Brabant, which included a representative from Tienen. In order to secure the loyalty of the Brabantian towns to her, Countess Johanna of Brabant edicted on 3 January 1356 the famous "Chart of the Joyous Entry", a kind of new "Brabantian Constitution"; the privileges granted to Tienen were even increased by a new local chart signed on 17 December 1358. Still located on the border with Liè:ge, the town was under permanent threat. In 1489, Albert of Saxony seized the town on behalf of Emperor Maximilian of Austria, following the rebellion of the Brabantian towns against the Habsburg rule. The fall of Tienen demoralized the other towns, so that Brussels and Leuven quickly surrendered. Tienen was damaged again, in 1507, during the revolt of Gelderland against the Habsburgs. Margaretha of Austria, appointed Governor of the Low Countries by Emperor Charles V, was able to settle peace with Liège and Gelderland, which caused decades of calm in Tienen in the first half of the XVIth century.
In October 1568, William of Orange marched against Tienen, in one of
the first episodes of the Eighty Years' War. Repelled by the militia of
Tienen and the Spanish garrison of the fortress, William besieged again
the town in 1572 and seized it for a short period, being expelled by
the Spaniards in December of the same year. The same scenario occurred
again several times until the end of the XVIth century, which caused
the ruin of the town and of its neighborhood. Tienen was damaged
several times more in the XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries.
In 1789, Tienen was a main center of the uprising known as the
Brabantian Revolution. The brewer Jan Windelinckxx set up and led a
"Patriotic Volunteers' Corps" that ruled the town for one year. After
the reestablishment of the Austrian rule, the repression of the
rebellion was quite strong. In 1793, the French seized Tienen and used
a former convent as an ammunition depot, which blew up on 10 March
1793, killing c. 100 and causing huge damages to the convent and the
neighbouring buildings. The "miraculous liberation" of the town by the
Austrians was warmly celebrated, with the set up of a silver ex-voto in
the St. Germanus church. However, the French came back on 19 July 1794,
following the battle of Fleurus and the withdrawal of the Austrian armies from the Low Countries. On 3 May 1815, Duke of Wellington and Feldmarschall Blücher met in the Tinne Schotel inn, located on the market square of Tienen, and set up here the plan for the battle of Waterloo.
Volunteers from Tienen significantly contributed to the 1830
Independence War; they fought in the Warande Park in Brussels and on
the bridge of Walem, in the Province of Antwerp. Fightings took place
also in Tienen in September 1830 and August 1831.
Sources:
Ivan Sache, 3 December 2007
The municipal flag of Tienen is horizontally divided blue-white-blue.
According to Gemeentewapens in België - Vlaanderen en Brussel, the flag was adopted by the Municipal
Council on 26 February 1981, confirmed by Royal Decree on 16 September
1981 and published in the Belgian official gazette on 6 October 1981
and, again, on 4 January 1995.
The flag is a banner of the municipal arms.
According to Servais, the arms of Tienen, "Azure a fess argent", were
granted by (Dutch) Royal Decree in 1818 and confirmed by (Belgian)
Royal Decree on 15 January 1841.
The oldest known seal of the town, dated 1229, shows the Paschal Lamb
wearing a collar with a small shield with a bar, allegedly the arms
granted to the town by Duke Jan in the XIIIth century. A seal dated
1398 has the same design. In the late XIVth century, the greater seals
show two lambs supporting the shield of arms, a design which was reused
in 1818 as the municipal arms. During the Napoleonic rule, the arms of
Tienen, granted by Imperial Decree on 25 March 1813, showed only the
shield with a blue canton charged with the letter "N" (for Napoléon)
surmonted by a star (symbolizing a second rank town), all or. These
arms are still shown in the four corners of the ceiling of the Mayor's
office in the town hall.
The modern rendition of the arms of Tienen is shown on the municipal
website, as well as the Napoleonic arms.
The emblem of the sugar company RT is made of a white "T" on a blue background, most probably recalling the traditional colours of Tienen.
Pascal Vagnat & Ivan Sache, 3 December 2007